UPSC Civil Services Model Paper 7

In vitro fertilization :
In vitro fertilization ( IVF–fertilization outside the body in almost similar conditions as that in the body) followed by embryo transfer (ET) is one of such methods.
In this method, popularly known as the test tube baby program, ova from the wife/donor (female) and sperms from the husband/donor (male) are collected and are induced to form zygote under simulated conditions in the laboratory.
Hence statement 1 is not correct.
The zygote or early embryos (with up to 8 blastomeres) could then be transferred into the fallopian tube ( ZIFT–zygote intrafallopian transfer ) and embryos with more than 8 blastomeres , into the uterus ( IUT – intrauterine transfer ), to complete its further development.
Embryos formed by in-vivo fertilization (fusion of gametes within the female) also could be used for such transfer to assist those females who cannot conceive .
Transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube ( GIFT – gamete intrafallopian transfer) of another female who cannot produce one , but can provide a suitable environment for fertilization and further development is another method attempted.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection Intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI ) is another specialized procedure to form an embryo in the laboratory in which a sperm is directly injected into the ovum .
Hence statement 2 is not correct.
Infertility cases either due to the inability of the male partner to inseminate the female or due to very low sperm counts in the ejaculates could be corrected by artificial insemination (AI) technique.
In this technique, the semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced either into the vagina or into the uterus (IUI – intra-uterine insemination ) of the female.