Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. MMR is the annual number of maternal deaths per 10,000 live births. 2. IMR is the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 10,000 live births. 3. NMR is the ‘number of deaths during the first 28 completed days of life per 10,000 live births.
Maternal Mortality Rate MMR is the annual number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Hence statement 1 is not correct. Maternal death is the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy. It is a key performance indicator for efforts to improve the health and safety of mother s before, during, and after childbirth. The Maternal Mortality Ratio ( MMR ) in India has declined to 113 in 2016-18 from 122 in 2015-17 and 130 in 2014-2016 , according to the special bulletin on Maternal Mortality in India 2016-18, released by the Office of the Registrar General's Sample Registration System (SRS). Infant Mortality Rate IMR is the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births . Hence statement 2 is not correct. The Office of the Registrar General is under the Ministry of Home Affairs issues the Sample Registration System bulletin , which provides estimates of birth rate, death rate, and infant mortality rate for states. In 2019, the infant mortality rate in India was at about 28.3 deaths per 1,000 live births , a significant decrease from previous years. Neonatal Mortality Rate It is defined as the ‘number of deaths during the first 28 completed days of life per 1,000 live births in a given year or period’. Hence statement 3 is not correct. Globally according to the UNICEF , NMR was 18 deaths per 1000 live births (in 2018) , whereas, in India, NMR was 23 deaths per 1000 live births. The decline in NMR is at a very slow pace both globally and in India . It is almost one-third of the rate of decline of IMR.